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    GITGit & GitHub

    Basics: from file to commit

    • Why version control?
    • From working tree to commit
    • Read history and differences
    • .gitignore and useful commit messages

    Branches and merging

    • Branches and HEAD
    • Merge: fast-forward and three-way
    • Resolve merge conflicts
    • Park work temporarily with stash

    Undo without losing work

    • Restore and unstage
    • Reset: soft, mixed and hard
    • Revert or reset?
    • Amend and reflog: rescue recent work

    Remotes and GitHub Flow

    • Remotes, push and tracking
    • Fetch, pull and rejected pushes
    • GitHub Flow: complete project
    Git & GitHub

    Basics: from file to commit · Lesson 1 of 15

    Why version control?

    What Git solves, and how it differs from GitHub and random backup copies.

    8 minutes2 games

    If your files are named final.js, final-2.js and final-really.js, you are doing version control by hand. Git records connected snapshots of a project: what changed, by whom, and why. You can test an idea, return to a known-good state, or combine a team's work without emailing ZIP files.

    Git is a local program; GitHub hosts repositories and adds pull requests, reviews and team tools. Git works without GitHub.

    Project files

    Git records snapshots

    Remote for sharing

    GitHub: reviews and PRs

    Git
    git init -q -b main
echo "SeaCode" > README.md
git status -s

    git init creates a repository in a hidden .git directory; your files do not move. status -s says ?? README.md: the file exists but Git is not tracking it yet. Git is distributed: every clone carries the full history, not only the latest files.

    Important

    Git is not magical backup: local commits can disappear with the machine. Push to a trusted remote, but never commit secrets or .env files; published Git history is difficult to clean.

    Quick question

    Which statement is correct?

    Interview question

    What is the difference between Git and GitHub?

    Exercise

    Start a repository on main, create README.md containing Hello Git, and print short status.

    Expected output: ?? README.md

    Git
    echo "Hello Git" > README.md
git status -s

    Learn more from

    • Git: gittutorialgit-scm.com
    • GitHub Docs: About Gitdocs.github.com

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